DIVING-PAM-II
Underwater Fluorometer
The DIVING-PAM-II is a specialised fluorometer that measures the primary photosynthetic productivity of samples such as corals, algae, lichens, mosses, and underwater surfaces, as well as highly concentrated suspensions. Operating at depths of up to 50 m, the DIVING-PAM-II utilises a high-power LED for actinic light and saturation pulses; notably, all relevant parameters are automatically calculated by its on-board computing system.
About the System
The control unit of the DIVING-PAM features a built-in flash memory capable of storing up to 27,000 PS II yield measurements. It includes an energy-efficient display and ten infrared reflection switches, allowing the user to configure settings and take measurements underwater. The unit also contains an internal rechargeable battery with a capacity of up to 1,300 measurements.Blue and Red Versions
The DIVING-PAM-II is available in two versions: Blue and Red. The Blue version detects a wider range of chlorophyll fluorescence (650–700 nm and above 700 nm) than the Red version, which only detects longer wavelengths. While this generally makes the Blue version more sensitive, in samples with high chlorophyll content, much of the short-wavelength fluorescence is reabsorbed, reducing this sensitivity advantage.- Cyanobacteria: Because cyanobacteria absorb blue light poorly but absorb red light effectively, the Red version is usually preferred for cyanobacteria studies to ensure stronger fluorescence signals.
- LHC II Excitation: The Blue version excites the primary short-wavelength band of the LHC II complex in higher plants and green algae, whereas the Red version excites the smaller, long-wavelength band. The Blue version is superior if LHC II excitation is a priority.
- Photoreceptors: Blue light activates photoreceptors that can trigger chloroplast movement in higher plants, which may interfere with the fluorescence signal. Using the Red version avoids these physiological effects.
Included in the package
- Optoelectronic Unit (Blue or Red)
- Fiber-optics DIVING-F
- Power Supply MINI-PAM-II/N
- PC interface box
- Underwater cable
- Distance Clip 60°
- Transport Box
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Specifications
| DIVING-PAM-II/B (Blue) | DIVING-PAM-II/ (Red) | |
| Optoelectronic Unit | ||
| Measuring Light | Blue LED (470 nm ± 8 nm tolerance), standard modulation frequencies 5 to 25 Hz adjustable in increments of 5 Hz and 100 Hz, measuring light PAR at standard settings = 0.05 μmol m-2 s-1.
Fluorescence at wavelengths greater than 630 nm is measured |
Red LED (655 nm ± 5 nm tolerance), modulation frequencies and PAR as described for DIVING-PAM-II/B. Fluorescence at wavelengths greater than 700 nm is measured |
| Actinic Light | Same blue LED as for measuring light, maximum actinic PAR = 3000 μmol m-2 s-1, maximum PAR of saturation pulses = 6000 μmol m-2 s-1 adjustable at increments of 500 μmol m-2 s-1 | Same red LED as for measuring light, maximum PAR of actinic light and saturation pulses as described for DIVING-PAM-II/B |
| Fluorescence Detection | PIN photodiode protected by long-pass and a short-pass filters, 12 bit signal resolution | |
| Pressure and temperature | Piezo-resistive pressure sensor and temperature sensor. Pressure is converted in meters of diving depth, range 0 to -50 m, displayed at 0.1 m intervals. Temperature, range -10 °C to +60 °C, displayed at 0.1 °C intervals. Sensor module with gel protection and antimagnetic stainless steel cap | |
| Data Storage | Flash memory, 8 MB, providing memory for more than 27,000 saturation pulse analyses | |
| Display | Backlit 160 x 104 dots (78 x 61 mm) transflective B/W screen | |
| Control elements | Backlit 160 x 104 dots (78 x 61 mm) transflective B/W screen | |
| Ports | AUX1 and AUX2, 4-pole, for miniature spectrometer MINI-SPEC; for laboratory use via special adapter: Fiber-Optic Oxygen Meter FireStingO2 or Leaf Clip Holder 2035-B. OUT1 and OUT2, 6-pole, input for trigger signal from Universal Sample Holder DIVING-II-USH; for laboratory use via special adapter: External LED Light Source 2054-L. INPUT, 6-pole, for RS-485 communication and charging of internal battery | |
| Battery | Lead acid battery 8.0 V / 3.5 Ah (28 Wh) providing power for more than 1300 yield measurements | |
| Maximum diving depth | 50 m | |
| Operating temperature | -5 to +45 °C | |
| Dimensions | Diameter 19 cm, length 39 cm | |
| Weight | 3.9 kg | |
Optional Accessories
- Underwater Oxygen and pH sensor DIVING-PAM-II/O2PH
- Universal Sample Holder DIVING-II-USH
- Surface Holder DIVING-SH
- Underwater Adapter DIVING-DA
- Magnet sample Holder DIVING-MLC
- Dark Leaf Clip -DIVING-MLC
- Miniature Fiberoptics DIVING-F1
- Underwater Cable DIVING-II/K25
- Underwater Cable DIVING-II/K50
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