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Home » Products » MP406 Moisture Sensor
Soil Moisture ADR Schematic MP406 MP406 Sensors Permanently Installed MP406 in situ MP406 sensors in the lab MP406 in the Field as part of the MPkit MP406 Sensor in MPkit with Phone App

MP406 Moisture Sensor

Measure volumetric moisture content of soils and other material for scientific research, agriculture and civil engineering.

The MP406 has a reinforced body and stainless steel needles making it ideal for use in extreme environments such as mine sites, landfills and saline soils as well as standard agricultural soils. The quality manufacture of the MP406 leaves it with a lifespan of 20+ years in the most extreme environmental conditions.

The MP406 is the best sensor available for any serious researcher or scientist to measure accurately the moisture of soils in the field. Measurements are not affected by temperature or salinity. The MP406 can be used to take continuous measurements over time through permanent or temporary burial and connection to a soil moisture meter (SMM).

The MP406 is also used to measure the moisture content in materials used in mining, roadway and buildings. The material that can be measured by the MP406 is often soil but can be any composition of non-metallic powdered, liquid or solid substance into which the needles are inserted. It is especially suitable for mineral stock piles, mine tailings and sand for batch mixing of concrete.

The MP406 Soil Moisture Sensor can also measure soil water potential via the SMM Soil Moisture Meter and a soil water characteristic curve.

MP406 Soil Moisture Sensor Features

  • Volumetric Soil Water Content (%) or can simultaneously measure soil water potential
  • Highly accurate and precise
  • Robust, stainless steel needles and epoxy body
  • Measures in saline, toxic and high temperature soils
  • Rapid measurement
  • Can be buried for up to 20 years

 

Utilising the MP406 sensor in a custom IoT (Internet of Things) package

The SNiP-MP4 is a ‘Sensor Node Integrated Package’ for LoRaWAN or CAT-M1 communication of real-time soil moisture measurements for continuous soil, plant and environmental monitoring.

The SNiP-MP4 integrates 1x MP406 Sensor with an MFR-NODE to a site’s unique network, communication and power requirements. An extended SNiP-MP4 can support up to 4x MP406 sensors or 3x additional compatible sensors.

Alternatively, the SNiP-SPW3 integrates 1x MFR-NODE and three sensors to a site’s unique network, communication and power requirements: 1x DBS60 Band Dendrometer, 1x Atmos-14 and 1x MP406 Soil Moisture Probe for greater environmental monitoring. The MFR-NODE can support an additional sensor.

Research papers using the MP406 Soil Moisture Probe can be found here, whilst the research papers using the MPKit are available here.

mp406-tdr-01 mp406-oven-01

MP406 uses the standing wave principle of measurement. It is equivalent to a Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensor without the need for a complex and expensive pulse generator. MP406 is a high accuracy, precision sensor with +/- 1%VWC accuracy following soil-specific calibration and 0.01%VWC resolution.

  • The MP406 is ideally supported by the Soil Moisture Meter (SMM), a wireless, stand-alone logging instrument available from ICT International. With the SMM, MP406 sensors can be individually calibrated for maximum accuracy.
  • The SMM can support up to 5 MP406 sensors.
  • For complete monitoring solutions, the MP406 is used in combination with the MP306 soil volumetric moisture content sensor, tensiometers for soil water potential, ICTO2 soil oxygen sensor, or the ICT International automatic weather station.

MP406 Accuracy

The results from measurement of absolute volumetric soil water percent (VSW%) from prepared soil samples using the MP406 are given above (Figure 1). This result is typical of the results obtained from comparative testing of the MP406 in prepared soil samples, for a wide range of agricultural soils.

Standing Wave Technology and hence the MP406 are not affected by changes in temperature or salinity of the soil or material being measured and hence the values of VSW% are equivalent to oven dried water content.

What is Standing Wave?

The standing wave technique uses an oscillator to generate an electrical field in order to detect the dielectric properties of a substrate of interest. The parallel needles of an MP406 act as a coaxial transmission line to generate a signal. The amplitude of the signal is related to the dielectric constant which in turn is directly related to moisture content.

Results

The results from measurement of absolute volumetric soil water percent (VSW%) from prepared soil samples using the MP406 are given alongside. This result is typical of the results obtained from comparative testing of the MP406 in prepared soil samples, for a wide range of agricultural soils. Standing Wave Technology and hence the MP406 are not affected by changes in temperature or salinity of the soil or material being measured and hence the values of VSW% are equivalent to oven dried water content.

Polynomial Look-up Table

Linearisation tables can be added to Data Loggers using the following data:
Converting Data Table for MP406. From VSW% to mV & mA

Soil moisture VSW%
 Millivolts Volts
0% 120 0.120
5% 210 0.210
10% 310 0.310
15% 415 0.415
20% 510 0.510
25% 610 0.610
30% 720 0.720
35% 825 0.825
40% 895 0.895
45% 955 0.955
50% 1005 1.005
55% 1015 1.015
60% 1025 1.025
65% 1035 1.035
70% 1045 1.045
75% 1055 1.055
80% 1065 1.065
85% 1070 1.070
90% 1080 1.080
95% 1095 1.095
100% 1106 1.106

 

MP406 Soil Moisture Probe

Measurement
Measurement Range 0-100 VSW%
Accuracy +/- 1%
Resolution 0.01% VSW%
Response Time Less than 0.5 seconds
Stabilisation Time 3 seconds approximately from power-up

Interface
Input Requirements 7-18 V DC unregulated
Power Consumption 24 mA typical, 30mA max
Output signal 0-1160mV for 0-100 VSW%

Mechanical
Total Length 210 mm
Needle Length 60 mm
Needle Seperation 12 mm
Needles Stainless Steel (Grade 316) – does not corrode in saline solutions
Exterior ABS Plastic
Cable 4.5m Standard

Other
Environment Designed for permanent or temporary burial

MP406 and MP306 Wiring R1-1

The MP406 Soil Moisture Probe is widely used in research; below is a list of over 45 publications that have used the MP406 Moisture Probe in their research.

2021

Alam, M. S., Lamb, D. W., & Warwick, N. W. M. (2021). A Canopy Transpiration Model Based on Scaling Up Stomatal Conductance and Radiation Interception as Affected by Leaf Area Index. Water, 13(3), 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/w13030252
Udukumburage, R. S., Gallage, C., & Dawes, L. (2021). An instrumented large soil column to investigate climatic ground interaction. International Journal of Physical Modelling in Geotechnics, 21(2), 55–71. https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.19.00007
Vance, W. H., Bell, R. W., Johansen, C., Haque, M. E., Musa, A. M., & Shahidullah, A. K. M. (2021). Soil disturbance levels, soil water content and the establishment of rainfed chickpea: Mechanised seeding options for smallholder farms in north-west Bangladesh. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 207(2), 208–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12455

2020

Bustamante, G. N., Soler, R., Blazina, A. P., & Arena, M. E. (2020). Fruit provision from Berberis microphylla shrubs as ecosystem service in Nothofagus forest of Tierra del Fuego. Heliyon, 6(10), e05206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05206
Chandrappa, V. Y., Ray, B., Ashwath, N., & Shrestha, P. (2020). Application of Internet of Things (IoT) to Develop a Smart Watering System for Cairns Parklands – A Case Study. 2020 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP), 1118–1122. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENSYMP50017.2020.9230827
Jat, D., Rajwade, Y. A., Chandel, N. S., Dubey, K., & Rao, K. V. R. (2020). Embedded system for regulating abiotic parameters for Capsicum cultivation in a polyhouse with comparison to open-field cultivation. International Journal of Vegetable Science, 26(5), 487–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2019.1654588
Manríquez, M. D. R. T., Ardiles, V., Promis, Á., Herrera, A. H., Soler, R., Lencinas, M. V., & Pastur, G. M. (2020). Forest canopy-cover composition and landscape influence on bryophyte communities in Nothofagus forests of southern Patagonia. PLOS ONE, 15(11), e0232922. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232922
Udukumburage, R. S., Gallage, C., Dawes, L., & Gui, Y. (2020). Determination of the hydraulic conductivity function of grey Vertosol with soil column test. Heliyon, 6(11), e05399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05399

2019

Pérez Flores, M., Martínez Pastur, G., Cellini, J. M., & Lencinas, M. V. (2019). Recovery of understory assemblage along 50 years after shelterwood cut harvesting in Nothofagus pumilio Southern Patagonian forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 450, 117494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117494
Toro-Manríquez, M., Soler, R., Lencinas, M. V., & Promis, Á. (2019). Canopy composition and site are indicative of mineral soil conditions in Patagonian mixed Nothofagus forests. Annals of Forest Science, 76(4), 117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-019-0886-z
Udukumburage, R. S., Gallage, C., & Dawes, L. (2019). Oedometer based estimation of vertical shrinkage of expansive soil in a large instrumeted soil column. Heliyon, 5(9), e02380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02380

2018

De Rosa, D., Rowlings, D. W., Biala, J., Scheer, C., Basso, B., & Grace, P. R. (2018). N2O and CO2 emissions following repeated application of organic and mineral N fertiliser from a vegetable crop rotation. Science of The Total Environment, 637–638, 813–824. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.046
Dunkerley, D. (2018). Banded vegetation in some Australian semi-arid landscapes: 20 years of field observations to support the development and evaluation of numerical models of vegetation pattern evolution. Desert, 23(2), 165–187. https://jdesert.ut.ac.ir/article_69115.html
Gorissen, S., Greenlees, M., Shine, R., Gorissen, S., Greenlees, M., & Shine, R. (2018). The impact of wildfire on an endangered reptile (Eulamprus leuraensis) in Australian montane swamps. International Journal of Wildland Fire, 27(7), 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1071/WF17048
Hewitt, R. E., Taylor, D. L., Hollingsworth, T. N., Anderson, C. B., & Pastur, G. M. (2018). Variable retention harvesting influences belowground plant-fungal interactions of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings in forests of southern Patagonia. PeerJ, 6, e5008. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5008
Udukumburage, R. S., Gallage, C., & Dawes, L. (2018). Loaded swell tests to estimate the heave of the expansive soil in instrumented soil column. In B. B. K. Huat, J. Shiau, Z. Hossain, & V. Anggraini (Eds.), Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Geotechnique, Construction Materials and Environment, GEOMATE 2018 (pp. 390–395). The GEOMATE International Society. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/123293/

2017

Gorissen, S., Baird, I. R. C., Greenlees, M., Sherieff, A. N., Shine, R., Gorissen, S., Baird, I. R. C., Greenlees, M., Sherieff, A. N., & Shine, R. (2017). Predicting the occurrence of an endangered reptile based on habitat attributes. Pacific Conservation Biology, 24(1), 12–24. https://doi.org/10.1071/PC17027
Shoushtari, S. M. H. J., Cartwright, N., Perrochet, P., & Nielsen, P. (2017). Two-dimensional vertical moisture-pressure dynamics above groundwater waves: Sand flume experiments and modelling. Journal of Hydrology, 544, 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.11.060

2016

Coleborn, K., Spate, A., Tozer, M., Andersen, M. S., Fairchild, I. J., MacKenzie, B., Treble, P. C., Meehan, S., Baker, A., & Baker, A. (2016). Effects of wildfire on long-term soil CO 2 concentration: implications for karst processes. Environmental Earth Sciences, 75(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4874-9
De Rosa, D., Rowlings, D. W., Biala, J., Scheer, C., Basso, B., McGree, J., & Grace, P. R. (2016). Effect of organic and mineral N fertilizers on N2O emissions from an intensive vegetable rotation. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 52(6), 895–908. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-016-1117-5
Harris, S., Orense, R. P., & Itoh, K. (2016). Site-specific warning system for rainfall-induced slope failure. Japanese Geotechnical Society Special Publication, 2(32), 1171–1176. https://doi.org/10.3208/jgssp.ATC1-3-08
Muñoz-Rojas, M., Lewandrowski, W., Erickson, T. E., Dixon, K. W., & Merritt, D. J. (2016). Soil respiration dynamics in fire affected semi-arid ecosystems: Effects of vegetation type and environmental factors. Science of The Total Environment, 572, 1385–1394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.086
Scheer, C., Rowlings, D. W., Grace, P. R., Scheer, C., Rowlings, D. W., & Grace, P. R. (2016). Non-linear response of soil N2O emissions to nitrogen fertiliser in a cotton–fallow rotation in sub-tropical Australia. Soil Research, 54(5), 494–499. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR14328
Scheer, C., Rowlings, D. W., Migliorati, M. D. A., Lester, D. W., Bell, M. J., Grace, P. R., Scheer, C., Rowlings, D. W., Migliorati, M. D. A., Lester, D. W., Bell, M. J., & Grace, P. R. (2016). Effect of enhanced efficiency fertilisers on nitrous oxide emissions in a sub-tropical cereal cropping system. Soil Research, 54(5), 544–551. https://doi.org/10.1071/SR15332
Scheer, C., Deuter, P. L., Rowlings, D. W., & Grace, P. R. (2016). Effect of the nitrification inhibitor (DMPP) on soil nitrous oxide emissions and yield in a lettuce crop in Queensland, Australia. Acta Horticulturae, 101–108. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2016.1123.14

2015

Guyot, A., Ostergaard, K. T., Fan, J., Santini, N. S., & Lockington, D. A. (2015). Xylem hydraulic properties in subtropical coniferous trees influence radial patterns of sap flow: implications for whole tree transpiration estimates using sap flow sensors. Trees, 29(4), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-014-1144-5
Guyot, A., Ostergaard, K. T., Fan, J., Santini, N. S., & Lockington, D. A. (2015). Xylem hydraulic properties in subtropical coniferous trees influence radial patterns of sap flow: implications for whole tree transpiration estimates using sap flow sensors. Trees, 29(4), 961–972. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-014-1144-5

2014

Aqeel-ur-Rehman, Abbasi, A. Z., Islam, N., & Shaikh, Z. A. (2014). A review of wireless sensors and networks’ applications in agriculture. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 36(2), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csi.2011.03.004
De Antoni Migliorati, M., Scheer, C., Grace, P. R., Rowlings, D. W., Bell, M., & McGree, J. (2014). Influence of different nitrogen rates and DMPP nitrification inhibitor on annual N2O emissions from a subtropical wheat–maize cropping system. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 186, 33–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.01.016
Henn, J. J., Anderson, C. B., Kreps, G., Lencinas, M. V., Soler, R., & Pastur, G. M. (2014). Determining Abiotic and Biotic Factors that Limit Transplanted Nothofagus pumilio Seedling Success in Abandoned Beaver Meadows in Tierra del Fuego. Ecological Restoration, 32(4), 369–378. https://doi.org/10.3368/er.32.4.369
Pastur, G. J. M., Esteban, R. S., Cellini, J. M., Lencinas, M. V., Peri, P. L., & Neyland, M. G. (2014). Survival and growth of Nothofagus pumilio seedlings under several microenvironments after variable retention harvesting in southern Patagonian forests. Annals of Forest Science, 71(3), 349–362. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13595-013-0343-3
Scheer, C., Rowlings, D. W., Firrel, M., Deuter, P., Morris, S., & Grace, P. R. (2014). Impact of nitrification inhibitor (DMPP) on soil nitrous oxide emissions from an intensive broccoli production system in sub-tropical Australia. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 77, 243–251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2014.07.006

2013 and earlier

 

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If you would like further information on applications for the MP406 Moisture Probe, please contact ICT International, sales@ictinternational.com.au


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Related Analysis:

Related Research
Related Case Studies
 

Documents:

MP406 BROCHURE
MP406 Manual
MP Cabling & Differential Measurement
Operation, Equations & IoT Integration
MP406 Install Guide: Augered
MP406 Lookup Tables
MP406 Applications
Chinese Cotton IoT Smart Farm Case Study