DIVING-PAM-II
The predecessor of the DIVING-PAM-II (the DIVING-PAM) has been proven as reliable and robust chlorophyll fluorometer for studying photosynthesis in and under water. To date, about 500 scientific papers containing measurements with the DIVING-PAM have been published.
The DIVING-PAM-II continues the proven and trusted design of its predecessor but advances data acquisition and instrument control by employing the latest progress in LED technology, optics and electronics.
- Miniature spectrometer for PAR measurement, spectral information on PAR and reflectance
- Wireless LAN for convenient data download at experimental site
- Graphical and alphanumerical display by low-power consuming transflective B/W screen
- High power LED for actinic light and saturation pulses. Far red LED for PS I excitation.
- Advanced pressure and temperature sensor
- High capacity battery for more than 2,000 PS II yield measurements. Flash memory for more than 27,000 saturation pulse analyses
- Continuous monitoring of internal light intensity by built-in PAR sensor
- Automatic calculation of all relevant parameters of saturation pulse analysis
- Accessories included in the basic system:
- 1.5 m flexible fibre optics
- miniature spectrometer
- distance clip
- dark leaf clips
- surface holder
- PC Interface Box
- battery charger
- USB cable
- 5 m underwater cable
- WinControl-3 software packed in a rugged outdoor transport case
The DIVING-PAM-II fluorometer permits examinations of photosynthesis down to 50 m water depth. All functions of the instrument can be controlled by 10 infrared reflection switches situated inside a transparent, cylinder-shaped housing. A new feature is the energy-saving B/W screen which displays instrument status and measured data. The transflective screen is readable even under sunlight. For long-term assessment of photosynthesis, the instrument can also be operated by a computer via a special underwater cable.
The innovative Miniature Spectrometer MINI-SPEC, being part of the basic DIVING-PAM-II system, adds a new level of information to studies of photosynthesis. The MINI-SPEC measures spectra of PAR, which are known to vary significantly with water depth. The device also permits spectral analyses of reflectance and fluorescence emission of a sample. Also new is an internal PAR sensor which continuously records the intensity of the internal light source of the DIVING-PAM-II.
| Optoelectronic Unit DIVING-PAM-II/B (BLUE Version) |
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| Measuring light: | Blue (470 nm) LED, standard modulation frequencies 5 to 25 Hz adjustable in increments of 5 Hz and 100 Hz, measuring light PAR at standard settings = 0.05 μmol m-2 s-1. Fluorescence at wavelengths greater than 630 nm is measured |
| Actinic light: | Same blue LED as for measuring light, maximum actinic PAR = 3000 μmol m-2 s-1, maximum PAR of saturation pulses = 6000 μmol m-2 s-1 adjustable at increments of 500 μmol m-2 s-1 |
| Optoelectronic Unit DIVING-PAM-II/R (RED Version) |
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| Measuring light: | Red (655 nm) LED, modulation frequencies and PAR as described for DIVING-PAM-II/B. Fluorescence at wavelengths greater than 700 nm is measured |
| Actinic light: | Same red LED as for measuring light, maximum PAR of actinic light and saturation pulses as described for DIVING-PAM-II/B |
| Optoelectronic Unit DIVING-PAM-II/B & DIVING-PAM-II/R |
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| Fluorescence detection: | PIN photodiode protected by long-pass and a short-pass filters, 12 bit signal resolution |
| Pressure and temperature: | Piezo-resistive pressure sensor and temperature sensor. Pressure is converted in meters of diving depth, range 0 to -50 m, displayed at 0.1 m intervals. Temperature, range -10 °C to +60 °C, displayed at 0.1 °C intervals. Sensor module with gel protection and anti-magnetic stainless steel cap |
| Data storage: | Flash memory, 8 MB, providing memory for more than 27,000 saturation pulse analyses |
| Display: | Backlit 160 x 104 dots (78 x 61 mm) transflective B/W screen |
| Control elements: | 10 infrared reflection switches, push-button for saturation pulses, push-button to switch device on/off and to lock/unlock reflection switches |
| WLAN: | Wireless LAN Interface, IEEE 802.11 b/g/n (2.4 GHz), Access Point Mode |
| Design: | Plexiglas tube with Plexiglas end plates, one with waterproof fibre-optics port |
| Mountings: | 2 anodised aluminium rods (diameter 15 mm) mounted parallel to the fluorometer body. Anodised aluminium holder for fibre optics. Connections for carrying belt and miniature spectrometer MINI-SPEC |
| Ports: | AUX1 and AUX2, 4-pole, for miniature spectrometer MINI-SPEC; for laboratory use via special adapter: Fibre-Optic Oxygen Meter FireStingO2 or Leaf Clip Holder 2035-B. OUT1 and OUT2, 6-pole, input for trigger signal from Universal Sample Holder DIVING-II-USH; for laboratory use via special adapter: External LED Light Source 2054-L. INPUT, 6-pole, for RS-485 communication and charging of internal battery |
| Battery: | Lithium manganese oxide battery 7.4 V / 5.6 Ah (41.5 Wh) providing power for more than 2000 yield measurements |
| Maximum diving depth: | 50 m |
| Operating temperature: | -5 to +45 °C |
| Dimensions: | Diameter 19 cm, length 39 cm |
| Weight: | 3.3 kg |
| Miniature Spectrometer MINI-SPEC | |
| Design: | POM tube, at one side, port for light detection, port for fluorescence excitation by blue (452 nm max) or green (525 nm max) LEDs, and port for white light from a tungsten lamp for reflection measurements; at the opposite side, 4-pole underwater socket |
| Spectrometer module: | Hamamatsu micro-spectrometer, spectral range: 400 to 800 nm, spectral resolution: between 8 and 10 nm. Maximum PAR: 4000 µmol m-2s-1 for illumination having spectral characteristics similar to sunlight |
| Dimensions: | 3.25 cm diameter, 175 cm length max |
| Weight: | 135 g |
| MINI-SPEC Small Parts | |
| Flat Entrance Optics SPEC/P: | Design: Hard-anodised aluminium rod of 10 mm diameter and 50 mm length, at one end with lateral light entrance through a 5 mm diameter diffusor and the opposite end inserted in a mounting plate (diameter 33 mm, height 5 mm). Aluminium rod with internal light guide |
| Fluorescence and Reflection Optics SPEC/R: | Design: Spectrometer cap consisting of POM: maximum diameter 35 mm, height 13 mm, weight 16 g. With central 5 mm x 16 mm groove accommodating Perspex light guides for blue and green for fluorescence excitation, and for white light for reflection measurements. With 3 mm diameter central drilled hole as light channel to the detector window of the spectrometer. Including sample cap to fix sample (maximum diameter 40 mm, height 10 mm, weight 8 g). Spectrometer and sample caps padded with foam rubber, both parts have magnets build-in to attract each other and, thus, hold the sample |
| PAR Calibration Block 000160101439: | Design: POM block with drill hole for entrance optics of the Miniature Spectrometer. Oriented at an angle of 60° and 90° relative to the spectrometer port are drill holes for the Fibre Optics DIVING-F. |
| Dimensions: | 4.15 cm x 2 cm x 5 cm (L x W x H) |
| Weight: | 40 g |
| Fiberoptics DIVING-F | |
| Design: | Randomised 70 µm glass fibres forming single plastic shielded bundle with stainless steel adapter ends |
| Dimensions: | Active diameter 5.5 mm, outer diameter 8 mm, length 150 cm |
| Weight: | 340 g |
| Power Supply MINI-PAM-II/N | |
| Input: | 100 V to 240 V AC, 50 to 60 Hz |
| Output: | 12 V DC, 5.5 A |
| Operating temperature | : -5 to +45 °C, (non-condensing) |
| Weight: | 350 g including cables |
| Software WinControl-3 | |
| Program: | WinControl-3 System Control and Data Acquisition Program (Windows 8, 10) for operation of DIVING-PAM-II via PC, data acquisition and data analysis |
| Saturation Pulse Analysis: | Measured: Ft, F0, FM, F, F0′ (also calculated), FM’. PAR, water temperature and depth (derived from pressure). Calculated: F0′ (also measured), FV/FM and Y(II) (maximum and effective photochemical yield of PS II, respectively), qL, qP, qN, NPQ, Y(NPQ), Y(NO) and ETR (electron transport rate) |
| Fitting Routines: | Two routines for determination of the cardinal points α, Ik and ETRmax of light curves |
| Programmed Features: | Automatic determination of signal offset for all light intensities and all gain levels. Automatic calibration of internal PAR sensor against PAR from MINI-SPEC sensor |
| Communication Protocol: | USB and IEEE 802.11 b/g/n |
| Computer Requirements: | Processor, 1 GHz. RAM, 512 MB. Screen resolution, 1024 x 600 pixels. Interface, USB 2.0/3.0 |
| PC Interface Box DIVING-PAM-II/I | |
| Housing: | Aluminium case with USB-B port, socket for power supply MINI-PAM-II/N, and waterproof 6-pole socket for RS-485 communication |
| Function: | Connects computer and DIVING-PAM-II. RS-485 serial data communication is used between box and DIVING-PAM-II, USB communication is employed between interface box and computer. Recommended maximum cable lengths: 100 m RS-485 cable, 2 m USB cable. Standard USB-A to USB-B cable included |
| Dimensions: | 9.7 cm x 6.3 cm x 3.5 cm (L x W x H) |
| Weight: | 270 g |
| Operating temperature: | -5 °C to + 40 °C |
| Underwater Cable DIVING-PAM-II/K5 | |
| Length: | 5 m |
| Weight: | 500 g |
| Dark Leaf Clip DIVING-LC | |
| Design: | Three clips made of white plastic with gasket contact areas and sliding shutter for light-tight closure. |
| Dimensions: | Diameter 3.2 cm, length 8 cm |
| Weight: | 6.5 g |
| Distance Clip 60° 2010-A | |
| Design: | Metal clip with fibre holder and 11 mm diameter sample hole: 5.5 cm x 1.4 cm (L x W) |
| Fiber holder: | 1.2 cm length, mounted 0.7 cm above base, with lateral screw to fix fibre optics. Angle between fibre optics axis and sample plane: 60°. Two spacer rings to vary the distance between fibre end and leaf surface |
| Surface Holder DIVING-SH | |
| Design: | Holder made of grey PVC, equipped with 3 rubber bands and hooks to be attached to creviced surface (e.g. of coral); nylon screws for distance adjustment |
| Dimensions: | 6 cm x 6 cm x 2.5 cm (L x W x H) |
| Weight: | 95 g |
| Transport Case DIVING-PAM-II/T | |
| Design: | Rugged, hard plastic outdoor case with wheels, pull-out handle and custom foam packing |
| Dimensions: | 57 cm x 47 cm x 27 cm (L x W x H) |
| Weight: | 7.7 kg |