Water-Cooled Heat Flux Sensors
The SBG01 is a water-cooled sensor that measures heat flux. The ISO standards call this a heat flux meter. Introduced in 2008, SBG01 has rapidly become the sensor of choice for fire testing. SBG01 is mainly used to test reaction to fire and fire resistance. It is also used as a calibration reference standard for test equipment, for example in flammability and smoke chamber tests. SBG01 complies with the requirements of the most common ASTM and ISO standard test methods.
Hukseflux offer a range of water cooled industrial heat flux sensors for heat flux and temperature measurements in high temperature industrial environments and fire testing.
- The SBG01 is a water-cooled sensor that measures heat flux for fire and fire resistance.
- The HFS01 is a water-cooled high heat flux sensor for concentrated solar radiation and flames
- The GG01 Gardon Gauge Water-Cooled High Heat Flux Sensor for measurement where radiation is the source of heat flux.
SBG01
- 6 models of SBG01: SBG01 measures heat flux in the range of (5 to 200) x 10³ W/m². Equipped with a black absorber, heat flux sensors of this type are designed for measurement in an environment in which heat flux is dominated by radiation.
- Using an open detector, SBG01 is also sensitive to convective heat flux. This contribution is usually ignored. Application in environments with lower than 50 x 10³ W/m² irradiance levels or environments with significant heat transport by convection is possible but requires a careful evaluation of the measurement uncertainty. SBG01’s thermopile sensor generates an output voltage proportional to the incoming irradiance.
HFS01
- The HFS01 High heat flux sensor for concentrated solar radiation and flames, water cooled is a water-cooled sensor that measures high-level radiative and convective heat fluxes. It is designed for studies of concentrated solar irradiance (800 x concentrated direct solar radiation) and high-intensity flames (gas burners, coal fires). HFS01 has a very robust all-metal / ceramics instrument body and sensor, and is equipped with a high-temperature cable to survive the extreme conditions of a typical experiment.
- The HFS01 measures heat flux in the range of (0 to 800) x 10³ W/m²; the extremely high fluxes as generated by flames and solar concentrators. Equipped with a black absorber, the instrument is designed for measurement in an environment in which heat flux includes radiation as well as convection. HFS01’s thermopile sensor generates an output voltage proportional to the total absorbed heat flux. The sensor must be water-cooled, usually by tap water. A removable flange that can be used for mounting is supplied with the sensor. Also, a type K thermocouple is included, to measure the sensor body temperature.
- The part of the cabling closest to the sensor is a special high-temperature metal sheathed cable with an interlocked spiral stainless steel armour. The high-temperature cable and armour withstand temperatures up to 900 °C. Because the sensor body is water cooled, it will remain relatively cool. The surface temperature of the sensor may reach 650 ˚C. The low-temperature extension cable has a jacket of PTFE type plastic.
GG01
- The GG01 measures heat flux in the range of 250 to 1000 x 10³ W/m². Equipped with a black absorber, heat flux sensors of this type are designed for measurement in an environment in which heat flux is dominated by radiation. Using an open detector, GG01 is also sensitive to convective heat flux. The GG01 Gardon gauge sensor, based on thermocouple materials, generates an output voltage proportional to the incoming irradiance. A type K thermocouple measures the body temperature.
- The body is equipped with a flange for easy mounting. The GG01-250 may be equipped with a sapphire window (GG01-250-SW), allowing the user to measure only the radiative component of the heat flux.
- The sensor is water-cooled, usually supplied by tap water. All GG01s are tested to withstand a cooling water operating pressure of 10 bar.
- The GG01 is made using oxygen-free high thermal conductivity copper and thin foils of a copper-nickel alloy. The benefit of this technology is that it can withstand very high heat fluxes.
About the Gardon Gauge from Hukseflux
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- The sensor is called “Gardon gauge” after its inventor Robert Gardon. Hukseflux invested in brand new manufacturing and test equipment for producing modern Gardon gauges. Each sensor is tested at its rated range.
SBG01
| Measurement | Heat flux |
| Measurement range | (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200) x 10³ W/m² |
| Measurement (in SI units) | Irradiance in W/m² |
| Sensor technology | Both Gardon and Schmidt-Boelter |
| Rated cooling water temperature range | 10 to +30 °C |
| Rated cooling water flow | > 10 l/h (0.003 l/s) preferably 30 l/h (0.01 l/s) |
| Rated measurement ranges | (5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200) x 10³ W/m² |
| 5, 10 x 10³ W/m² | < 450 x 10⁻³ s |
| 20, 50 x 10³ W/m² | < 250 x 10⁻³ s |
| 100, 200 x 10³ W/m² | < 200 x 10⁻³ s |
| Limiting measurement range | 150 % of rated measurement range |
| Output signal | DC voltage |
| Output signal range | > 5 x 10⁻³ V at rated measurement range |
| Spectral range | 0 to 50 x 10⁻⁶ m |
| Full field of view angle | 180° |
| Black coating emissivity | > 0.95 |
| Calibration traceability | To ITS-90 |
| -management system certification | ISO 9001 |
| -accreditation | Not accredited |
| Calibration method | SBGC secondary calibration method according to ISO 14934-3 |
| Standard cable length | 2 m (see options) |
HFS01
| Measurement | heat flux temperature |
| Measurement range | 0 to 800 x 10³ W/m² |
| Measurement in SI units | heat flux density /irradiance in W/m² |
| Heat flux sensor | thermopile |
| Temperature sensor | thermocouple type K |
| Sensitivity (nominal) | 9 x 10⁻⁹ V/(W/m²) |
| Calibration traceability | to SI units |
| Sensor and black coating | -30 to +650 °C |
| High-temperature cable | -30 to +900 °C |
| Low-temperature extension cable | -30 to +240 °C |
| IP protection class | IP67 |
| High-temperature cable | 1 m (see options) |
| Low-temperature extension cable | 3 m (see options) |
| Rated cooling water temperature range | 10 to 30 °C |
| Rated cooling water flow | > 30 l/h (0.01 l/s), preferably 100 l/h (0.03 l/s) |
| Output signal | DC voltage |
| Output signal range | 10 x 10⁻³ V at rated measurement range |
| Spectral range | 0 to 50 x 10⁻⁶ m |
| Full field of view angle | 180° |
| Black coating emissivity | 0.92 (estimate) |
Gardon Gauge:
| Measurement: | heat flux |
| Measurement range: | (250, 500, 1000) x 10³ W/m² |
| Measurement in SI units | irradiance in W/m² |
| Sensor technology | Gardon |
| Rated cooling water flow (see manual for more information) | > 50 l/h (0.014 l/s)
|
| Limiting measurement range | 150 % of rated measurement range |
| Output signal | DC voltage |
| Output signal range | > 5 x 10⁻³ V at rated measurement range |
| Full field of view angle | 180° |
| Calibration traceability | to ITS-90 |
| -management system certification | ISO 9001 |
| Calibration method | secondary calibration method according to ISO 14934-3 |
| Standard cable length | 2 m |