DUAL-KLAS-NIR
P700, Plastocyanin, Ferredoxin & Chlorophyll Fluorescence Measuring System
Compared with the DUAL-PAM-100 which employs one pair of wavelengths in the Near-Infrared (NIR) to measure absorption changes related to redox changes of the photosystem I reaction centre, the DUAL-KLAS-NIR can discriminate the redox changes of plastocyanin (PC), PS I reaction centre (P700) and ferredoxin (Fd). It uses four wavelengths’ pairs in the NIR to obtain the in-vivo spectral characteristics of pure PC, P700 and Fd.
About the System
The DUAL-KLAS-NIR is the ideal device for investigating cyclic electron transport, photosynthetic control, inhibition of PS I by chilling and fluctuating light, or PS I damage caused by mineral deficiency. It is available in configurations for both leaves and suspensions of microalgae, cyanobacteria or isolated chloroplasts. A linear positioning system enables the emitter and detector units to move smoothly relative to each other. When measuring all channels simultaneously, the time resolution is approximately 1 ms. Single-channel measurements have a time resolution of 30 µs, which is sufficient for measuring the polyphasic rise. A special feature of the instrument is that green ML measures fluorescence through the leaf and blue ML measures it from the leaf’s upper surface, respectively. The software structure is like that of the DUAL-PAM-100. It is streamlined to operate the six-channel DUAL-KLAS-NIR as smoothly as the two-channel DUAL-PAM-100 device.Included in the package
- Power-and-Control-Unit DKN-C
- Emitter unit DKN-E
- Detector unit DKN-D
- Linear Positioning System 3010-DUAL/B
- Peltier Heat-transfer Head US-T/DS
- Cosine Corrected Mini Quantum Sensor US-MQS/WB
- Stand with Base Plate ST-101
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Specifications
| Power-and-Control Unit DKN-C | |
| General Design | Microcontroller: 4 x AVR-RISC (8 MHz) + 4 MB SRAM; 256 000 data points with 12-bit resolution can be stored |
| Communication | USB 1.1, 2.0 and 3.0 compatible |
| User interface | Windows computer (Windows 7/8/10/11) with KLAS-100 software |
| Emitter Unit DKN-E | |
| Measuring Light | Chip-On-Board LED array for pulse-modulated 780, 820, 840, 870 and 965 nm NIR measuring light, pulse modulated green, fluorescence measuring light (540 nm). |
| Actinic Light | Chip-On-Board LED array (635 nm) for continuous red actinic illumination (max. ~3400 µmol photons m-2 s-1 PAR), which can also be used for single turn over flashes (max. >28000 µmol photons m-2 s-1 PAR, length 5-50 µs), and multiple turnover pulses (MT and SP) (max. 25000 µmol photons m-2 s-1 PAR, length 1-1000 ms). |
| Detector Unit DKN-D | |
| Measuring light | pulse modulated blue fluorescence measuring light (460 nm) |
| Actinic light | Blue light (460 nm) for continuous blue illumination (max. ~400 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR), Chip-On-Board LED array (635 nm) for continuous red illumination (max. ~3400 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR), which can also be used for saturating single turnover flashes (max. >28000 µmol m-2 s-1 PAR, length 5-50 µs), and multiple turnover pulses (MT and SP) (max. 25000 µmol photons m-2 s-1 PAR, length 1-1000 ms), far-red light (740 nm) for continuous far-red illumination (max. 400 µmol photons m-2 s-1) |
| Signal detection | Photodiode and pulse preamplifier to measure four dual wavelength NIR-transmission difference signals (780-820, 820-870, 870-965 and 840-965 nm) and two fluorescence signals. Time resolution of a single channel measurement is 35 µs, of a two-channel measurement is 150 µs and of a 6-channel measurement is 1 ms. The same detector (protected by the same set of filters) is used for fluorescence and NIR transmission measurements. The filter set passes wavelengths > 750 nm |
| Peltier Heat-Transfer Head US-T/DS | 12 K below ambient temperature, 15 K above ambient temperature (Quartz cuvette placed in Optical Unit for Suspensions ED-101US/MD with 1.5 mL water and stirrer PHYTO-MS on) |
| Cosine Corrected Mini Quantum Sensor US-MQS/WB | Cosine-response mini quantum sensor for selective measurement of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400 – 700 nm) with Perspex diffuser disk as light entrance and signal amplifier box |
Accessories
- Optical Unit for Suspensions ED-101US/MD
- Accessories for ED-101US/MD
- Cuvette for Low-Drift Absorbance Measurements DUAL-K25
- Miniature Magnetic Stirrer PHYTO-MS
- Power-and-Control Unit US-T/DR
- Temperature Control Unit US-T
- DUAL-PAM Gas-Exchange Cuvette 3010-DUAL
Support Documents
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Case Studies and Application Notes
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