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User manuals and software for the SFM1x Sap Flow Meter

Software and Manuals for the SFM1x Sap Flow Meter (IoT/NB-IoT/UB versions)
Technical Specifications
Downloads Available
References for SFM1x, SFM1 and HRM30
Perron, N. S. (2024). Variability in tree-water relations from tree-line to tree-line in Canada’s western boreal forest. https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/32943
Berkelhammer, M., Page, G. F., Zurek, F., Still, C., Carbone, M. S., Talavera, W., Hildebrand, L., Byron, J., Inthabandith, K., Kucinski, A., Carter, M., Foss, K., Brown, W., Carroll, R. W. H., Simonpietri, A., Worsham, M., Breckheimer, I., Ryken, A., Maxwell, R., … Williams, K. H. (2024). Canopy structure modulates the sensitivity of subalpine forest stands to interannual snowpack and precipitation variability. EGUsphere, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-3063
Luo, S., Tetzlaff, D., Smith, A., & Soulsby, C. (2024). Long-term drought effects on landscape water storage and recovery under contrasting landuses. Journal of Hydrology, 636, 131339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131339
Ring, A.-M., Tetzlaff, D., Dubbert, M., Freymueller, J., & Soulsby, C. (2024). Assessing the impact of drought on water cycling in urban trees via in-situ isotopic monitoring of plant xylem water. Journal of Hydrology, 633, 131020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2024.131020
Dubois, E., Cherif, S. M. A., Abidine, M. M., Bah, M. F. O., Chenal, J., Marshall, M., Oumarou, W., Grossiord, C., & Perona, P. (2024). Nature-based solution enhances resilience to flooding and catalyzes multi-benefits in coastal cities in the Global South. Science of The Total Environment, 928, 172282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172282
Jardine, K., Gallo, L., Roth, M., Upadhyaya, S., Northen, T., Kosina, S., Tcherkez, G., Eudes, A., Domigues, T., Greule, M., & Keppler, F. (2024). The ‘Photosynthetic C1 pathway’ links carbon assimilation and growth in plants. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4116025/v1
Kokkotos, E., Zotos, A., & Patakas, A. (2024). The Ecophysiological Response of Olive Trees under Different Fruit Loads. Life, 14(1), 128. https://doi.org/10.3390/life14010128
Brighenti, S., Tagliavini, M., Comiti, F., Aguzzoni, A., Giuliani, N., Ben Abdelkader, A., Penna, D., & Zanotelli, D. (2024). Drip irrigation frequency leads to plasticity in root water uptake by apple trees. Agricultural Water Management, 298, 108870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108870
Hayat, F., Silwal, A., Seeger, S., Fichtner, T., Rimmele, S., & Maier, M. (2024). Understanding the plant water status of different forest tree species under drought (Nos. EGU24-12595). Copernicus Meetings. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-12595
Amini Fasakhodi, M., Djuma, H., Sofokleous, I., Eliades, M., & Bruggeman, A. (2024). Modeling water balance components of conifer species using the Noah-MP model in an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions, 1–35. https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-2024-107
Sun, X., & Li, J. (2024). Patterns of water use by the Australian native Melaleuca styphelioides in urban environments and comparison of transpiration prediction by three different micrometeorological models. Trees, 38(2), 493–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00468-024-02496-8
Wang, X., Hu, Y., Ji, C., Chen, Y., Sun, S., Zhang, Z., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Yang, M., Ji, F., Guo, Y., Li, J., & Zhang, L. (2024). Yields, growth and water use under chemical topping in relations to row configuration and plant density in drip-irrigated cotton. Journal of Cotton Research, 7(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42397-024-00173-2
Chen, Y., Evers, J. B., Yang, M., Wang, X., Zhang, Z., Sun, S., Zhang, Y., Wang, S., Ji, F., Xiang, D., Li, J., Ji, C., & Zhang, L. (2024). Cotton crop transpiration reveals opportunities to reduce yield loss when applying defoliants for efficient mechanical harvesting. Field Crops Research, 309, 109304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2024.109304
Yin, X., Chen, J., Ye, Y., Zhu, H., Li, J., Zhang, L., Zhang, H., He, S., & Wu, H. (2024). Optimizing bent branch numbers improves transpiration and crop water productivity of cut rose (Rosa hybrida) in greenhouse. Agricultural Water Management, 296, 108795. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2024.108795
Ambrose, A. R., Baxter, W. L., Wong, C. S., Burgess, S. S. O., Williams, C. B., Næsborg, R. R., Koch, G. W., & Dawson, T. E. (2016). Hydraulic constraints modify optimal photosynthetic profiles in giant sequoia trees. Oecologia, 182(3), 713–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-016-3705-3
Kokkotos, T., Zotos, A., & Patakas, A. (2024). The Ecophysiological Response of Olive Trees under Different Fruit Loads. Life, 14(128), 14. https://doi.org/doi.org/10.3390/life14010128
Luo, Z., Guan, H., Zhang, X., Zhang, C., Liu, N., & Li, G. (2016). Responses of plant water use to a severe summer drought for two subtropical tree species in the central southern China. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 8, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2016.08.001
Tirpak, R. A., Hathaway, J. M., & Franklin, J. A. (2018). Evaluating the influence of design strategies and meteorological factors on tree transpiration in bioretention suspended pavement practices. Ecohydrology, 11(8), e2037. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2037
Souza, J. P., Melo, N. M. J., Halfeld, A. D., Vieira, K. I. C., & Rosa, B. L. (2019). Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration improves water use efficiency and growth of a widespread Cerrado tree species even under soil water deficit. Acta Botanica Brasilica, 33, 425–436. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062018abb0272
Eller, C. B., de V. Barros, F., Bittencourt, P. R. L., Rowland, L., Mencuccini, M., & Oliveira, R. S. (2018). Xylem hydraulic safety and construction costs determine tropical tree growth. Plant, Cell & Environment, 41(3), 548–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.13106
Keyimu, M., Halik, Ü., & Rouzi, A. (2017). Relating Water Use to Tree Vitality of Populus euphratica Oliv. in the Lower Tarim River, NW China. Water, 9(8), 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9080622
Western, A. W., Arora, M., Burns, M. J., Bonneau, J., Thom, J. K., Yong, C. F., James, R. B., Poelsma, P. J., & Fletcher, T. D. (2021). Impacts of stormwater infiltration on downslope soil moisture and tree water use. Environmental Research Letters, 16(10), 104014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac1c2a
Smith, A., Tetzlaff, D., Landgraf, J., Dubbert, M., & Soulsby, C. (2021). Modelling temporal variability of <em>in-situ</em> soil water and vegetation isotopes reveals ecohydrological couplings in a willow plot. Biogeosciences Discussions, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2021-278
Hilman, B., Muhr, J., Trumbore, S. E., Kunert, N., Carbone, M. S., Yuval, P., Wright, S. J., Moreno, G., Pérez-Priego, O., Migliavacca, M., Carrara, A., Grünzweig, J. M., Osem, Y., Weiner, T., & Angert, A. (2019). Comparison of CO2 and O2 fluxes demonstrate retention of respired CO2 in tree stems from a range of tree species. Biogeosciences, 16(1), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-177-2019
Grossiord, C., Christoffersen, B., Alonso-Rodríguez, A. M., Anderson-Teixeira, K., Asbjornsen, H., Aparecido, L. M. T., Carter Berry, Z., Baraloto, C., Bonal, D., Borrego, I., Burban, B., Chambers, J. Q., Christianson, D. S., Detto, M., Faybishenko, B., Fontes, C. G., Fortunel, C., Gimenez, B. O., Jardine, K. J., … McDowell, N. G. (2019). Precipitation mediates sap flux sensitivity to evaporative demand in the neotropics. Oecologia, 191(3), 519–530. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-019-04513-x
Liu, Z., Liu, Q., Wei, Z., Yu, X., Jia, G., & Jiang, J. (2021). Partitioning tree water usage into storage and transpiration in a mixed forest. Forest Ecosystems, 8(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40663-021-00353-5
Fabiani, G., Schoppach, R., Penna, D., & Klaus, J. (2021). Transpiration patterns and water use strategies of beech and oak trees along a hillslope. Ecohydrology, n/a(n/a), e2382. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2382
Lakmali, S., Benyon, R. G., Sheridan, G. J., & Lane, P. N. J. (2022). Change in fire frequency drives a shift in species composition in native Eucalyptus regnans forests: Implications for overstorey forest structure and transpiration. Ecohydrology, 15(3), e2412. https://doi.org/10.1002/eco.2412
Thom, J. K., Fletcher, T. D., Livesley, S. J., Grey, V., & Szota, C. (2022). Supporting Growth and Transpiration of Newly Planted Street Trees With Passive Irrigation Systems. Water Resources Research, 58(1), e2020WR029526. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR029526
del Campo, A. D., Fernandes, T. J. G., & Molina, A. J. (2014). Hydrology-oriented (adaptive) silviculture in a semiarid pine plantation: How much can be modified the water cycle through forest management? European Journal of Forest Research, 133(5), 879–894. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10342-014-0805-7
Tian, Q., He, Z., Xiao, S., Du, J., Peng, X., Chen, L., Lin, P., Zhu, X., & Ding, A. (2018). Growing Season Stem Water Status Assessment of Qinghai Spruce through the Sap Flow and Stem Radial Variations in the Qilian Mountains of China. Forests, 9(1), 2. https://doi.org/10.3390/f9010002
Bourne, A. E., Haigh, A. M., & Ellsworth, D. S. (2015). Stomatal sensitivity to vapour pressure deficit relates to climate of origin in Eucalyptus species. Tree Physiology, 35(3), 266–278. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpv014
Berry, Z. C., Looker, N., Holwerda, F., Gómez Aguilar, L. R., Ortiz Colin, P., González Martínez, T., & Asbjornsen, H. (2017). Why size matters: the interactive influences of tree diameter distribution and sap flow parameters on upscaled transpiration. Tree Physiology, 38(2), 263–275. https://doi.org/10.1093/treephys/tpx124
Ilstedt, U., Bargués Tobella, A., Bazié, H. R., Bayala, J., Verbeeten, E., Nyberg, G., Sanou, J., Benegas, L., Murdiyarso, D., Laudon, H., Sheil, D., & Malmer, A. (2016). Intermediate tree cover can maximize groundwater recharge in the seasonally dry tropics. Scientific Reports, 6(1), 21930. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21930
Fan, J., Ostergaard, K. T., Guyot, A., Fujiwara, S., & Lockington, D. A. (2016). Estimating groundwater evapotranspiration by a subtropical pine plantation using diurnal water table fluctuations: Implications from night-time water use. Journal of Hydrology, 542, 679–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.09.040
Guyot, A., Fan, J., Oestergaard, K. T., Whitley, R., Gibbes, B., Arsac, M., & Lockington, D. A. (2017). Soil-water content characterisation in a modified Jarvis-Stewart model: A case study of a conifer forest on a shallow unconfined aquifer. Journal of Hydrology, 544, 242–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.11.041
Molina, A. J., Aranda, X., Carta, G., Llorens, P., Romero, R., Savé, R., & Biel, C. (2016). Effect of irrigation on sap flux density variability and water use estimate in cherry (Prunus avium) for timber production: Azimuthal profile, radial profile and sapwood estimation. Agricultural Water Management, 164, 118–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.08.019
Heinlein, F., Biernath, C., Klein, C., Thieme, C., & Priesack, E. (2017). Evaluation of Simulated Transpiration from Maize Plants on Lysimeters. Vadose Zone Journal, 16(1), vzj2016.05.0042. https://doi.org/10.2136/vzj2016.05.0042
Edwards, E. J., Betts, A., Clingeleffer, P. R., & Walker, R. R. (2022). Rootstock-conferred traits affect the water use efficiency of fruit production in Shiraz. Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, 28(2), 316–327. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajgw.12553
Schoppach, R., Chun, K. P., & Klaus, J. (2022). Accounting for Dbh and Twi in Prediction of Stand-Scale Sap-Flux Density Reduces the Deviation from Measurement (SSRN Scholarly Paper No. 4129815). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4129815
Yi, K., Smith, J. W., Jablonski, A. D., Tatham, E. A., Scanlon, T. M., Lerdau, M. T., Novick, K. A., & Yang, X. (2020). High Heterogeneity in Canopy Temperature Among Co-occurring Tree Species in a Temperate Forest. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 125(12), e2020JG005892. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JG005892
Asiimwe, G., Jaafar, H., Haidar, M., & Mourad, R. (2022). Soil Moisture or ET-Based Smart Irrigation Scheduling: A Comparison for Sweet Corn with Sap Flow Measurements. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 148(6), 04022017.
Siddiqi, S. A., & Al-Mulla, Y. (2022). Wireless Sensor Network System for Precision Irrigation using Soil and Plant Based Near-Real Time Monitoring Sensors. Procedia Computer Science, 203, 407–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.07.053
Perron, N., Baltzer, J. L., & Sonnentag, O. (2023). Spatial and temporal variation in forest transpiration across a forested boreal peat landscape. Hydrological Processes, n/a(n/a), e14815. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14815
Doody, T. M., Gao, S., Vervoort, W., Pritchard, J., Davies, M., Nolan, M., & Nagler, P. L. (2023). A river basin spatial model to quantitively advance understanding of riverine tree response dynamics to water availability and hydrological management. Journal of Environmental Management, 332, 117393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117393
Benyahia, F., Bastos Campos, F., Ben Abdelkader, A., Basile, B., Tagliavini, M., Andreotti, C., & Zanotelli, D. (2023). Assessing Grapevine Water Status by Integrating Vine Transpiration, Leaf Gas Exchanges, Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Sap Flow Measurements. Agronomy, 13(2), 464. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13020464
Buyinza, J., Muthuri, C. W., Denton, M. D., & Nuberg, I. K. (2023). Impact of tree pruning on water use in tree-coffee systems on smallholder farms in Eastern Uganda. Agroforestry Systems, 97(5), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-023-00842-2
Yu, T., Feng, Q., Si, J., Zhang, X., Alec, D., & Zhao, C. (2016). Evidences and magnitude of nighttime transpiration derived from Populus euphratica in the extreme arid region of China. Journal of Plant Biology, 59(6), 648–657. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12374-015-0536-4
Yang, J., He, Z., Lin, P., Du, J., Tian, Q., Feng, J., Liu, Y., Guo, L., Wang, G., Yan, J., & Zhao, W. (2022). Variability in Minimal-Damage Sap Flow Observations and Whole-Tree Transpiration Estimates in a Coniferous Forest. Water, 14(16), 2551. https://doi.org/10.3390/w14162551
Peixoto Neto, A. M. L., Cartwright, I., Silva, M. R. F., McHugh, I., Dresel, P. E., Teodosio, B., Jovanovic, D., McCaskill, M. R., Webb, J., & Daly, E. (2022). Linking evapotranspiration seasonal cycles to the water balance of headwater catchments with contrasting land uses. Hydrological Processes, 36(12), e14784. https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.14784
Combined Instrument Software (CIS) Installation Instructions

Combined Instrument Software (CIS) requires additional Microsoft software installed.

CIS and Instrument Installation Instruction:

  1. Ensure the SFM1x is not connected to the computer.
  2. Download and install (For Windows 10 AMD/Intel) both of the “Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable Packages” from the Microsoft Website. Direct links can be found below
    Link Notes
    https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.x86.exe Permalink for latest supported x86 version
    https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vc_redist.x64.exe Permalink for latest supported x64 version. The X64 Redistributable package contains both ARM64 and X64 binaries. This package makes it easy to install required Visual C++ ARM64 binaries when the X64 Redistributable is installed on an ARM64 device.
  3. Install the ICT Combined Instrument Software:
    1. Select “No” to warning about completely removing existing installations and all of its components.
    2. Select “Next”
    3. Change the install location from “\ICT International\ICT Instrument\” to “\ICT International\ICT Instrument 1.0.7.3\
    4. Select “Install”
    5. Untick “Run ICT Instrument 1.0.7.3” to prevent opening the application whilst changing the shortcut name (see below)
    6. Select “Finish”
  4. On the Desktop of your PC, change the file name of “ICT Instrument” to “ICT CIS 1.0.7.3”
  5. Open this shortcut, and confirm on the left of the software that it displays “1.0.7.3”

Sap Flow Tool v1.5.1 for Windows can be downloaded here

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